Review of Paleoanthropology (Final Exam)

1. Major genera and species

Ardipithecus

  tschadensis

  tugenensis

  kadabba

  ramidus

Australopithecus

  anamensis

  afarensis

  africanus

  robustus

  boisei

Homo

  habilis

  erectus

  floresiensis

  heidelbergensis

  neanderthalensis

  sapiens

2. Major sites

  Toros Menalla, Chad

  Middle Awash, Ethiopia (Aramis, Daka, Hata, Herto)

  Lake Turkana area, Kenya/Ethiopia (Ileret, Allia Bay, Kanapoi, West Turkana, Koobi Fora [Kenya],; Omo [Ethiopia]

  Laetoli, Tanzania

  Hadar, Ethiopia

  Sterkfontein, South Africa

  Taung, South Africa*

  Kromdraai, South Africa*

  Swartkrans, South Africa

  Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

  Konso, Ethiopia

  Dmanisi, Georgia

  Trinil and Sangiran, Indonesia

  Zhoukoudian, China

  Ngandong, Indonesia

  Gran Dolina and Sima de los Huesos, Spain

  Broken Hill, Zambia

  Bodo Ethiopia, Ethiopia

  Herto, Ethiopia

  Blombos Cave, South Africa

  Skhul and Quafzeh, Israel

  Tabun, Kebara [Isrsael]; Shanidar, Iraq

  Neanderthal, Germany

  Cro Magnon, France

  French Neanderthal sites, France

3. Major issues

  What is a species?

  What is a hominid species?

  How did Neanderthals figure in to the understanding of humanity's evolutionary position?

  Decribe the process of biological evolution.

  What other genus names exists besides Ardipithecusfor the very earliest hominids?

  Where, in Africa did hominids live?

  What are some hypotheses for the origins of bipedality? What specimens are relevant

  What do we know about the branching patter of the evolutonary tree since our split from chimpanzees?

  When do hominids start using tools?

  Describe the orgigin and dispersal of the genus Homo

  When do hominids start eating meat?

  When do hominids start using fire?

  What is the Acheulean?

  How does the paleoclimate record relate to human evolution

  What does hisotry have to do with the species names we use for hominid fossils?

4. Major fossils

  Neanderthal 1

  Trinil

  Kabwe

  French Neanderthals

  Piltdown

  Taung

  Zhoukoudian crania

  Ngandong crania

  OH 5 (Zinjanthropus)

  OH 7 (Homo habilis)

  ER 3733, ER 3883, ER 1470, ER 1813, ER 406

  AL 288-1 (Lucy)

  ARA-VP 6/500 (Ardi)

  Toumai

  Dmanisi crania

  Sima de los Huesos Crania

  Herto cranium