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edit Zafarraya Cave I [3-7]

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Approximate age:31,500 years old=average of minimum (0.03 Ma) and maximum (0.033 Ma)

Date based on: Radiocarbon See map of sites with similar ages

Dating reference: Hublin, J. J., Barroso Ruiz, C., Medina Lara, P., Fontugne, M., & Reyss, J. L. (1995). The Mousterian site of Zafarraya (Andalucia, Spain): dating and implications on the palaeolithic peopling processes of Western Europe. COMPTES RENDUS-ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES PARIS SERIE 2 SCIENCES DE LA TERRE ET DES PLANETES FASCICULE A, 321, 931-937.

Finlayson, C., Pacheco, F. G., RodrÌguez-Vidal, J., Fa, D. A., LÛpez, J. M. G., PÈrez, A. S., et al. (2006). Late survival of Neanderthals at the southernmost extreme of Europe. Nature, 443(7113), 850-853.


Hominids: Homo neanderthalensis       

Archaeology:Middle Stone Age (MSA)/Mousterian      

Important specimens:

Notes: Coordinates and date from Hublin et al. 1995 CR Acad Sci Paris

Location: Sierra de Alhama, Spain
Map location/coordinates reference: Hublin, J. J., Barroso Ruiz, C., Medina Lara, P., Fontugne, M., & Reyss, J. L. (1995). The Mousterian site of Zafarraya (Andalucia, Spain): dating and implications on the palaeolithic peopling processes of Western Europe. COMPTES RENDUS-ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES PARIS SERIE 2 SCIENCES DE LA TERRE ET DES PLANETES FASCICULE A, 321, 931-937.

Key references:   

Fossilized.org presents precise geographic locations and current best date estimates for late Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene sites with human ancestor (hominin) fossils and archaeology. Several interactive visual interfaces allow users to generate maps and tables that relate localities, fossils, tools, and evolutioanry events with geography and time. The data content is dynamic and is updated daily, as are new interface features. This site started as a course syllabus for Anthropology 3101: Human Evolution 2 at California State University, East Bay, and grew with each quarter it was used. Now fossilized.org has over 200 sites and hundreds of bibliographic citations. Check back often for updates. human evolution database paleoanthropology biological anthropology database physical anthropology human origins coordinates site locations location latitude longitude age Pleistocene database Quaternary database Pliocene Holocene evolutionary history site database geochronology hominin hominidae hominid hominini acheulean oldowan middle stone age mousterian paleolithic late stone age neolithic hominin database hominin DB hominin darabase hominin dayabase hominin datavase hominid darabase hominid dayabase hominid datavase hominid database hominid fossil database human origins database hominin database hominin fossil database hominid skull human ancestor database fossil human ancestors best paleoanthropology site best paleoanthropology database best hominin database best hominid database hominin site database hominid site database coordinates map hominid site map hominin site map paleoanthropology site coordinates human evolution database human origins database fossil record database